具有地震抑制功能的结构主动控制算法与仿真分析     

王国胜  张春巍  段广仁  欧进萍 《世界地震工程》2007,23(3):79-85

提出了一种具有地震抑制功能的结构抗震主动控制算法。其特点是设计一组状态反馈控制律，使得闭环结构系统在具有希望极点的同时，还能够减小结构地震输人的影响。首先，在特征结构配置参数化方法的基础上，将该控制问题转化为一个含有约束条件的优化问题；其次，给出了求解该问题的算法及实施步骤，该方法直接基于结构系统原始矩阵，不涉及系统的增广或变换，便于工程应用；最后，对地震作用下三层剪切型Benchmark结构模型进行了仿真分析，结果表明本文所提具有地震干扰抑制功能算法的有效性。  相似文献   

Influence of the precollisional stage on subduction dynamics and the buried crust thermal state: Insights from numerical simulations     

D. Arcay  M.-P. Doin  E. Tric  R. Bousquet   《Tectonophysics》2007,441(1-4):27-45

At continental subduction initiation, the continental crust buoyancy may induce, first, a convergence slowdown, and second, a compressive stress increase that could lead to the forearc lithosphere rupture. Both processes could influence the slab surface P–T conditions, favoring on one side crust partial melting or on the opposite the formation of ultra-high pressure/low temperature (UHP-LT) mineral. We quantify these two effects by performing numerical simulations of subduction. Water transfers are computed as a function of slab dehydration/overlying mantle hydration reactions, and a strength decrease is imposed for hydrated mantle rocks. The model starts with an old oceanic plate ( 100 Ma) subducting for 145.5 Myr with a 5 cm/yr convergence rate. The arc lithosphere is thermally thinned between 100 km and 310 km away from the trench, due to small-scale convection occuring in the water-saturated mantle wedge. We test the influence of convergence slowdown by carrying on subduction with a decreased convergence rate (≤ 2 cm/yr). Surprisingly, the subduction slowdown yields not only a strong slab warming at great depth (> 80 km), but also a significant cooling of the forearc lithosphere at shallower depth. The convergence slowdown increases the subducted crust temperature at 90 km depth to 705 ± 62 °C, depending on the convergence rate reduction, and might thus favor the oceanic crust partial melting in presence of water. For subduction velocities ≤ 1 cm/yr, slab breakoff is triggered 20–32 Myr after slowdown onset, due to a drastic slab thermal weakening in the vicinity of the interplate plane base. At last, the rupture of the weakened forearc is simulated by imposing in the thinnest part of the overlying lithosphere a dipping weakness plane. For convergence with rates ≥ 1 cm/yr, the thinned forearc first shortens, then starts subducting along the slab surface. The forearc lithosphere subduction stops the slab surface warming by hot asthenosphere corner flow, and decreases in a first stage the slab surface temperature to 630 ± 20 °C at 80 km depth, in agreement with P–T range inferred from natural records of UHP-LT metamorphism. The subducted crust temperature is further reduced to 405 ± 10 °C for the crust directly buried below the subducting forearc. Such a cold thermal state at great depth has never been sampled in collision zones, suggesting that forearc subduction might not be always required to explain UHP-LT metamorphsim.  相似文献   

Lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt——On deep-seated xenoliths in Minggang region of Henan Province     

LU Fengxiang  WANG Chunyang & ZHENG JianpingFaculty of Earth Sciences  China University of Geosciences  Wuhan  China Correspondence should be addressed to Lu Fengxiang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1)

Swarms of mafic-intermediate volcaniclastic bodies occur in the Minggang region of Henan Province, a tectonic boundary between the North Qinling and the North China Block, and emplaced at (178.31±3.77) Ma. These volcanic rocks are subalkaline basaltic andesites and contain abundance of lower crust and mantle xenoliths. Thus this area is an ideal place to reveal the lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt. Geochemical data indicate that these mafic granulites, eclogites and metagabbros have trace elemental and Pb isotopic characteristics very similar to those rocks from the South Qinling Block, representing the lower part of lower crust of the South Qinling which subducted beneath the North China Block. Talcic peridotites represent the overlying mantle wedge materials of the North China Block, which underwent the metasomatism of the acidic melt/fluid released from the underlying lower crust of the South Qinling Block. Deep tectonic model proposed i  相似文献   

关注三维交切构造——出露地表的大陆岩石圈构造解耦面     

马文璞  王果胜 《地质通报》2004,(Z2)

大陆内部弥散性的变形表明经典板块构造理论未能阐述大陆构造。矿物变形的实验室研究结果、岩石流变学性质随深度改变和地震测深剖面资料都提示大陆岩石圈具有三明治式的强度包络面。任纪舜、张国伟和钟大赉分别把岩石圈不同深度层次的三维交切构造称为立交桥式构造或多向层架构造。它们的出现提示岩石圈发生了构造解耦,新的变形体制在拆离面以上发展起来。前苏联地质学家把它称为岩石圈的构造成层作用。本文列举了喜马拉雅东、西构造结和秦岭造山带可能出露于地表的三维交切构造实例,呼吁重视这类代表大陆岩石圈不同深度层次的构造堆叠体,并把它作为揭示岩石圈构造变形的最佳切入点。  相似文献   

The Verification and Significance of Three Approaches to Longitudinal Stresses in High–resolution Models of Glacier Flow     

Alun Hubbard 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2000,82(4):471-487

With the purpose of improving the ice physics underpinning time–dependent glacier flowline models, three independent approaches for solving longitudinal stresses in glaciers are discussed and verified by application to Haut Glacier d'Arolla. To highlight any shortcomings, the reduced and much utilised driving stress approximation is also applied and compared. Modelled velocity patterns using the three full stress schemes exhibit consistency with one another and good coincidence with observed velocities for the 1991 summer melt season. Furthermore, these stress patterns indicate that longitudinal stresses are significant and of a similar order of magnitude as the basal shear stress components. However, the driving stress approximation yields erratic fluctuations in the stress and velocity fields which are neither realistic in terms of mass continuity nor agree with observations. Basal decoupling experiments indicate a complex relationship between basal velocity and englacial stresses with considerable dampening of any basal perturbation occurring as it is dissipated towards the surface and transferred throughout the ice mass. The driving stress approximation fails to account at all for any such coupling. Experiments to identify the length scale over which longitudinal effects operate indicate that they are significant even up to 10 ice thicknesses. The implication here is that longitudinal stresses play a significant role in determining glacier dynamics on length scales up to at least 2 km and that the predictive power of models of glacier flow based purely on the driving stress approximation is therefore subject to significant limitations. Inclusion of longitudinal stresses overcomes one of the main limitations imposed on such models and, given the potential ease of incorporation of the schemes described here, this deficiency may readily be resolved.  相似文献   

沈阳市资源环境与GDP增长的脱钩态势分析     

李世龙  张戈  臧正 《云南地理环境研究》2014,(2):58-63

基于资源环境压力与经济发展的相互耦合关系视角,基于脱钩理论构建了资源环境与经济增长的脱钩状态评价指标体系,引入生态足迹法并结合改进的弹性脱钩分析方法,探讨了沈阳市2002～2009年资源环境与经济发展的脱钩程度、时序演变及其综合脱钩程度等.研究结果表明：2002 ～ 2005年研究区经济增长导致资源环境压力逐渐增大,2005～2009年资源环境压力趋缓;整个时段内研究区资源环境与经济发展脱钩状态以相对脱钩为主,呈“相对脱钩4—强耦合—相对脱钩4—相对脱钩1”的演变趋势.  相似文献   

川东褶皱带构造发育深度层次与变形样式   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

徐汀滢  季建清  涂继耀  刘志成 《地质科学》2012,(3):788-807

地壳上层的结构特征和变形样式在垂直方向上的变化远远大于其在水平维度上的分异。川东褶皱带自晚古生代以来地史演化统一、地层展布稳定,之后新生代盆、山演化分异幅度较大,使得不同深度的地层和基底得以出露,不同地壳深度层次的构造样式得以展示,这为研究应力的垂向分异,提供了很好的条件。本文基于地壳垂直方向上变形几何的不守恒、构造脱耦以及构造层次的概念,通过野外构造现象的详细解析、野外脆性破裂产状统计、断裂之间交切关系以及活动性质观察等综合分析,结合遥感图像研究,对川东褶皱区隔挡式褶皱和隔槽式褶皱形成提出了新的解释模型。以华蓥山与齐岳山为界,川东褶皱带被分为3个呈叠置关系的区域。研究表明华蓥山以西(Ⅰ区)没有发生强烈的构造变形,变形深度最小(<2 km); 华蓥山与齐岳山之间(Ⅱ区)构造样式为在北北东向剪切作用下形成的陡立构造面理,变形深度为2～5 km; 而齐岳山以东(Ⅲ区)的构造样式是发育轴向北东的宽缓褶曲,变形深度为4～6.6 km。研究分析后得出,川东褶皱带在晚古生代以来,没有经历过大幅度的地壳垂向运动和明显的旋转运动,而白垩纪以后,发育了早期北北东向和晚期北东向的两期构造变形。Ⅱ、Ⅲ两区的构造样式发育于同一应力场(北西-南东主应力场),而晚期北东向断裂活动是形成上述3个区域呈现出断块并置的原因。另外,由于后期不同断块抬升和剥露的差异,使3个区域迥异的构造样式呈现在地表。这一认识对研究油气相关的构造圈闭、固体多金属矿产相关的矿床深度问题以及大地构造学等问题都有创新意义。  相似文献   

国家级贫困县旅游发展与多维贫困的脱钩关系研究——以西南地区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

何静  汪侠  刘丹丽  孙鑫  段志勇 《地理研究》2019,38(5):1189-1207

发展旅游业被认为是贫困地区缓解贫困的重要方式之一,为探讨国家级贫困县的旅游扶贫发展现状,本文基于Tapio脱钩模型,以西南地区136个国家级贫困县为例,对旅游发展分别与综合贫困以及、教育、医疗、社会福利等不同维度贫困间的脱钩关系进行研究。研究结果表明：① 随着旅游的发展,西南地区贫困县的综合贫困状况得到改善,但改善程度表现出不稳定性并逐渐放缓;② 随着旅游发展,西南地区贫困县经济和社会福利贫困某种程度上得到改善,医疗贫困得到较大改善,教育贫困基本未得到改变;③ 西南地区不同省份贫困县的旅游扶贫发展存在空间差异性,贵州贫困县表现最好。本研究对于深度了解旅游扶贫现状,进一步发挥旅游的多维扶贫作用具有重要意义。  相似文献   

基于纵横波解耦的三维弹性波逆时偏移          下载免费PDF全文

周熙焱  常旭  王一博  姚振兴 《地球物理学报》2018,61(3):1038-1052

纵横波波场分离是弹性波偏移方法的必要条件，通过纵横波成像的差异可以获取更多地下介质的信息.目前所用的纵横波波场分离方法多采用Helmholtz分解，这样得到的波场不仅物理意义发生了变化，振幅和相位也会发生改变.本文采用纵横波解耦的弹性波方程，将其应用于三维介质，对比分析了纵横波解耦方法相对传统Helmholtz分解方法在相位、振幅上的优势.将该解耦的波场分离方法应用于弹性波逆时偏移，能得到相位、振幅和物理意义不受改变的偏移结果.但是该解耦方法分离得到的纵横波波场均为矢量场，将该波场分离方法用于弹性波逆时偏移，还需要解决矢量场如何得到标量成像结果的问题.本文引入了Poynting矢量，通过Poynting矢量对矢量波场进行标量化，这样就能得到保振幅、相位，且无极性反转的标量PP和PS成像结果.同时针对S波Poynting矢量求取不准确的问题，采用拟S波应力场和S波速度场得到了更加准确的S波Poynting矢量.理论计算证明了本文采用的3D波场解耦的矢量波场分离方法的正确性和引入Poynting矢量对矢量波场进行标量成像的有效性.  相似文献   

十脉冲下限压型SPD级间串联退耦电感前后能级匹配研究     

徐乐  史东东  高攀亮  曹洪亮  秦孟晟  王成芳 《热带气象学报》2021,37(3):387-395

退耦电感是限压型浪涌保护器(SPD)级联配合核心元件, 对于限压型SPD能级匹配具有重要影响。针对退耦电感与限压型SPD能级匹配问题, 基于行波传输理论建立多级限压型SPD能量匹配模型, 并结合更接近自然雷击的10个8/20μs多脉冲试验进行研究, 试验结果可知: 恒定波阻抗下, 增大SPD线路间退耦电感值, 可有效减缓雷电瞬态过电压上升速率。SPD并联时, 氧化锌压敏电阻压敏电压对前后级分流比影响较小, 与残压值呈正相关关系。SPD级联电感值越大, 前级SPD泄流越多, 后级SPD箝压水平越高, 能级匹配效果越好。当出现磁饱和时, 前级SPD泄流显著降低, 后级SPD的泄流显著增加, 为避免出现该现象, 实际装设SPD时, 级间选装的退耦电感值在合理范围内应稍大于理论电感值。   相似文献